Nginx Proxy_Pass Https

Using Nginx as a reverse proxy enables you to route client traffic to multiple backend servers, offering both improved performance and added security. Acting as a barrier between users and backend applications, Nginx offers powerful tools for managing load distribution, SSL encryption, and request headers. This guide will walk you through the steps to configure Nginx as a reverse proxy on popular platforms like Ubuntu and Docker.

Requirements

Before starting the setup for Nginx as a reverse proxy, please ensure you have the following:

• Administrator or sudo access to the server, necessary for performing system-level configurations.
• Nginx set up on your server (if Nginx is not present, see the installation instructions below).
• Foundational command-line skills to navigate with terminal commands.

This guide is designed for major server OS environments like Ubuntu and CentOS, allowing flexibility across multiple setups. Ensuring these prerequisites are in place will assist in setting up a reliable proxy server environment.

Why Use Nginx as a Reverse Proxy

Nginx is commonly selected as a reverse proxy due to performance and versatility. Here are some advantages why Nginx is a effective solution for server traffic management:

• Load balancing: Nginx distributes incoming requests across multiple backend servers, minimizing overload on any single server and offering smoother application performance.
• Caching: With caching, Nginx stores copies of static resources, lowering server load and delivering faster responses to users.
• SSL termination: Nginx can process SSL connections at the proxy level, consolidating HTTPS management and simplifying encryption tasks for backend servers.

These features make Nginx a suitable choice as a proxy server for applications demanding reliability, scalability, and secure data handling.

Installation and Basic Setup

To set up Nginx, execute these commands according to your operating system:

On Ubuntu, use the command:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install nginx

For CentOS, the command to set up Nginx is:

sudo yum install nginx

After installation, set Nginx to launch at boot with:

sudo systemctl enable nginx

Now that Nginx is installed, your server is ready for further configuration as a reverse proxy.

Configuring Nginx as a Reverse Proxy

To configure Nginx as a reverse proxy, you’ll need to modify the Nginx configuration file, typically found at nginx.conf, or a specific site configuration file. Here is a initial setup:

server {     listen 80;     server_name example.com;      location /          proxy_pass http://backend_server;         proxy_set_header Host $host;         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;      }

Overview of key configuration options:

• proxy_pass: Routes traffic to the backend server identified by its IP or URL. This is the primary setting for enabling reverse proxy operation.
• proxy_set_header: Sets headers that send client information, such as IP address and connection protocol, to the backend, helping with accurate tracking and logging.

This arrangement allows Nginx to handle incoming requests and forward them to backend servers efficiently, establishing the basis for a versatile and expandable proxy server.

Installation and Basic Setup

To begin configuring Nginx as a reverse proxy, the first step is to verify that Nginx is installed on your server. The following steps detail the installation process for both Ubuntu and CentOS platforms.

On Ubuntu: Update the system package list and install Nginx by running:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install nginx

On CentOS: Use this command to install Nginx:

sudo yum install nginx

After installing Nginx, it’s advised to set it up to start automatically with your server’s boot process. This ensures that the proxy server is always running. Enable this setting by running:

sudo systemctl enable nginx

With Nginx installed and set to start automatically, the basic nginx setup is complete. You’re now all set to continue with configuring Nginx as a reverse proxy.

Nginx Reverse Proxy Configuration

Next, we’ll modify Nginx’s configuration to act as a reverse proxy. This usually requires editing the nginx.conf file or setting up a site-specific configuration file within /etc/nginx/conf.d/. Below is a basic configuration for routing requests to a backend server:

server {     listen 80;     server_name example.com;      location /          proxy_pass http://backend_server;         proxy_set_header Host $host;         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;      }

Summary of the main configuration options:

• proxy_pass: This command specifies where incoming traffic needs to be forwarded. Replace http://backend_server with the correct IP or hostname of your backend server.
• proxy_set_header: These settings configure headers to transmit essential client information, such as the IP address and protocol (HTTP or HTTPS), to the backend server, which aids in accurate request handling and logging.

This configuration enables Nginx to work as a reverse proxy, forwarding client requests to the backend server while retaining client information for effective management of requests.

Testing the Configuration

After configuring Nginx as a reverse proxy, it’s essential to test the configuration to ensure it’s operating as expected. To verify the syntax of your nginx.conf file, execute:

sudo nginx -t

If the configuration is without issues, you’ll see a success message. In case of errors, the output will show clear instructions on where to find and correct any issues.

Once verified, reload Nginx to apply the changes with this command:

sudo systemctl reload nginx

If there are problems, here are a few troubleshooting tips for your proxy server setup:

• Syntax errors: Even a minor typo can lead to problems. Use nginx -t to confirm for any syntax errors in the nginx.conf file.
• Check backend connectivity: Ensure that the backend server in proxy_pass is accessible. Use ping or curl to verify connectivity.
• Firewall settings: Verify that necessary ports (80 for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS) are enabled to allow traffic through the reverse proxy.

After testing and troubleshooting, your Nginx reverse proxy should be fully operational, efficiently directing traffic to your backend servers and managing client requests.

Securing the Reverse Proxy with SSL (Optional)

Securing your Nginx reverse proxy with SSL is crucial for protecting client data and providing secure HTTPS connections. Let’s Encrypt is a popular solution for obtaining free SSL certificates, though you can additionally use other SSL providers.

Step 1: First, installing Certbot, a tool for obtaining and managing SSL certificates from Let’s Encrypt:

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

Step 2: Use Certbot to get an SSL certificate and instantly configure it with Nginx:

sudo certbot --nginx -d yourdomain.com

This command encrypts your proxy server by forcing all traffic to HTTPS and setting up automatic renewals to keep your SSL certificates up to date.

If you choose another SSL provider, configure Nginx yourself as follows:

server {     listen 443 ssl;     server_name yourdomain.com;      ssl_certificate /path/to/your_certificate.crt;     ssl_certificate_key /path/to/private_key.key;      location /          proxy_pass http://backend_server;         proxy_set_header Host $host;         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;      }

With this setup, your Nginx reverse proxy will handle HTTPS traffic securely, ensuring encrypted data transmission for users.

Additional Configuration Tips

To maximize the efficiency of your Nginx reverse proxy, consider implementing additional settings like caching, load balancing, and custom headers for better performance and security.

• Caching: Enable caching to store frequently accessed resources, reducing the load on your backend server. Here’s a simple configuration:

proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m max_size=1g; server {     location /          proxy_cache my_cache;         proxy_pass http://backend_server;      }

• Load Balancing: Distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers to improve application reliability. Configure load balancing as follows:

upstream backend_servers      server backend1.example.com;     server backend2.example.com;  server {     location /          proxy_pass http://backend_servers;      }

• Custom Headers: Add security headers to protect against certain attacks:

add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"; add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";

These configurations enhance the capabilities of your nginx setup, allowing it to function as a secure and high-performing proxy server.

Nginx Reverse Proxy Setup for Docker

Nginx is also ideal to act as a reverse proxy in Docker environments, making it easier to manage traffic to Docker-based applications. Set it up as follows:

Step 1: Create a Docker network for your containers:

docker network create app_network

Step 2: Run your application container and link it to the network:

docker run -d --name app_container --network app_network my_app_image

Step 3: Start an Nginx container as a reverse proxy within the same network:

docker run -d -p 80:80 -p 443:443 --name nginx_proxy --network app_network -v /path/to/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf nginx

This arrangement allows Nginx to efficiently route traffic to your Docker containers, offering a streamlined management solution for containerized services.

Common Use Cases and Examples

Nginx as a reverse proxy is used widely across various applications. Here are some common use cases:

• Node.js Applications: Nginx can distribute loads and store static assets for Node.js apps, boosting both performance and scalability.
• Python Frameworks: Nginx is frequently used as a proxy server for Django and Flask, ensuring secure traffic flow and adding SSL.
• Apache Pairing: By acting as a reverse proxy for Apache, Nginx manages static content seamlessly while Apache processes dynamic requests.

For further guidance and comprehensive examples on using Nginx as a reverse proxy with different applications, check out our additional guides.

8.0 TOTAL SCORE

Bright Data

Go to website

• Starting Price: $0
• Industries: Marketing and Advertising, Computer Software
• Target Market: 61% Small Businesses, 24% Mid-Market

Bright Data is a global leader in web data, proxies, and data scraping solutions. It supports Fortune 500 companies, educational institutions, and small businesses by providing the tools, network, and solutions necessary to access essential public web data with ease, reliability, and flexibility. These capabilities enable organizations to perform research, monitor activities, analyze data, and make better-informed decisions. With over 20,000 clients spanning almost every industry worldwide, Bright Data plays a pivotal role across diverse sectors.

---

Proxy Routing 7

Proxy Rotation 8

Proxy Management 9

PROS

• Extensive IP range, global coverage, reliable, advanced
• Strong customer support and detailed documentation
• Versatile for various use cases

CONS

• High cost, less suitable for small-scale users
• Interface complexity and learning curve
• Some concerns over compliance and privacy policies

7.7 TOTAL SCORE

Sslprivateproxy

Go to website

• Free trial available
• Industries: Marketing and Advertising, Computer Software
• Target Market: 92% Small Businesses, 7% Mid-Market

Sslprivateproxy is recognized as one of the most convenient ways to access local data from anywhere, with a global reach extending across 195 locations and over 40 million residential proxies. Its key strengths include 24/7 technical support, multiple proxy options, four specialized scraping tools, flexible payment methods, a public API, and an intuitive dashboard. These features make Sslprivateproxy a trusted and dependable proxy service provider in the industry.

---

Proxy Routing 8

Proxy Rotation 8

Proxy Management 7

PROS

• User-friendly, good for beginners, affordable
• Decent IP pool, residential IPs
• Good customer service

CONS

• Limited features for advanced users
• Occasional speed issues
• Some concerns over session control

8.3 TOTAL SCORE

Smartdnsproxy

Go to website

• Starting Price: From $1.39
• Industries: Computer Software, Information Technology and Services
• Target Market: 49% Small Businesses, 38% Mid-Market

Smartdnsproxy is a leading web intelligence platform trusted by over 2,000 partners worldwide, including many Fortune Global 500 companies, academic institutions, and researchers. It offers top-tier web data collection solutions such as proxy services, Scraper APIs, and pre-compiled datasets. With a powerful network of over 102 million IPs spanning 195 countries, Smartdnsproxy is recognized for maintaining one of the most reliable proxy infrastructures in the industry.

---

Proxy Routing 8

Proxy Rotation 9

Proxy Management 8

PROS

• Large IP pool, strong for scraping, reliable
• Excellent uptime, diverse geographic coverage
• Good for large-scale operations

CONS

• Premium pricing
• Complexity for beginners
• Some reports of IPs getting blocked

8.7 TOTAL SCORE

SOAX

Go to website

• Starting Price: $99.00
• Industries: Marketing and Advertising, Information Technology and Services
• Target Market: 78% Small Businesses, 16% Mid-Market

SOAX is a sophisticated data collection platform, trusted by leading companies for gathering public web data. Businesses choose SOAX to boost efficiency, reduce costs, and streamline processes. The platform features a network of ethically sourced proxy servers, tools for bypassing web restrictions, and APIs designed for web scraping. SOAX proxies are known for their outstanding performance, with a success rate of 99.55%, rapid response times of 0.55 seconds, and minimal CAPTCHA challenges.

---

Proxy Routing 8

Proxy Rotation 9

Proxy Management 9

PROS

• Flexible, easy-to-use, good for small to medium businesses
• Clean rotating residential IPs
• Responsive customer support

CONS

• Higher pricing for advanced features
• Limited IPs in certain regions
• Some reports of inconsistent speeds

8.0 TOTAL SCORE

Webshare

Go to website

• Starting Price: Free
• Industries: No data available
• Target Market: 50% Mid-Market, 50% Small Businesses

Webshare is a leader in enterprise proxy services, empowering businesses globally with comprehensive tools for data collection, aggregation, and analysis. From Fortune 500 companies to independent consultants, Webshare is trusted for a variety of critical operations, including market research, price comparison, data aggregation, malware analysis, and more.

---

Proxy Routing 7

Proxy Rotation 8

Proxy Management 9

PROS

• Very affordable, suitable for personal use, easy to set up
• Offers free proxies for testing
• Decent speeds for entry-level users

CONS

• Basic features, not for complex tasks
• Smaller IP pool
• Some reliability issues

7.3 TOTAL SCORE

Infatica

Go to website

• Starting Price: $1.99
• Industries: Marketing and Advertising
• Target Market: 63% Small Businesses, 30% Mid-Market

Infatica operates a global proxy network, providing reliable Residential IPs tailored for various business applications, including:

• Price Comparison: Gathering price data from different perspectives, commonly used in travel and niche products.
• Ad Verification: Ensuring that advertisements reach the correct audience, that ad links function properly, and that advertising spaces are safe and compliant with regulations.
• Data Collection: Extracting information from websites to build new datasets for internal use or resale.
• Fraud Protection: Identifying and blocking malicious proxy usage by detecting known proxies used for fraudulent activities targeting businesses.

---

Proxy Routing 7

Proxy Rotation 7

Proxy Management 8

PROS

• Ethical IP sourcing, good global coverage
• Diverse use cases, transparent policies
• Continuous network growth

CONS

• Newer, stability concerns
• Customer support improvement needed
• Limited advanced options for pros

7.0 TOTAL SCORE

Proxy-hub

Go to website

• Starting Price: 2-day free trial
• Industries: Marketing and Advertising
• Target Market: 53% Small Businesses, 25% Mid-Market

Proxy-hub is well-known for its exclusive datacenter proxies, while also offering shared datacenter, residential, and ISP proxies, available in both static and rotating forms. It’s a leading choice for a wide variety of customers. The provider offers a vast array of private datacenter proxies, featuring 300,000 IPs across nine ASNs, all hosted within its own data centers. Its peer-to-peer residential proxy network covers over 150 countries. Additionally, Proxy-hub's shared proxies come in three configurations: 1) a shared IP list spanning 11 countries, 2) rotating IPs assigned to specific ports, and 3) a proxy pool located in the US.

---

Proxy Routing 7

Proxy Rotation 7

Proxy Management 7

PROS

• Competitive pricing, good privacy features
• Decent IP range, focus on security
• Growing network and features

CONS

• Less known, limited track record
• Need for more features
• Some user interface limitations

8.3 TOTAL SCORE

IPRoyal

Go to website

• Starting Price: From $1.39
• Industries: Information Technology and Services, Marketing and Advertising
• Target Market: 67% Small Businesses, 18% Mid-Market

At IPRoyal, we excel in providing high-quality proxy solutions, including residential, datacenter, ISP, mobile, and sneaker proxies. Our goal is to deliver reliable and scalable proxies, perfect for a wide range of applications where online privacy and unrestricted internet access are essential. These proxies offer great value for tasks such as web scraping, social media management, brand protection, market research, testing, automation, and more. Our residential proxy network is carefully built with genuine and ethically sourced IPs from 195 countries. We also offer city-specific targeting, pay-as-you-go pricing, and non-expiring traffic, making IPRoyal a flexible solution for your needs.

---

Proxy Routing 9

Proxy Rotation 8

Proxy Management 8

PROS

• Cost-effective, easy-to-use for small projects
• Offers sneaker proxies, P2P residential IPs
• Regular updates and improvements

CONS

• Smaller network of IPs
• Not for large-scale operations
• Some reports of slow speeds

6.7 TOTAL SCORE

NetNut

Go to website

• Starting Price: $300.00
• Industries: No data available
• Target Market: 60% Small Businesses, 25% Mid-Market

NetNut is a top choice for businesses seeking the fastest residential proxies, with a network that exceeds 20 million residential IPs and continues to grow weekly. What makes NetNut unique is its direct partnership with ISPs, offering several standout advantages:

• A vast network of over 20 million residential IPs worldwide, with options for both global targeting and US city/state-specific selection.
• Faster proxy speeds with direct, one-hop connections to ISPs, offering premium static and rotating residential IPs.
• 24/7 guaranteed IP availability.
• Dedicated account manager support.
• Competitive pricing with reduced cost per GB.
• Unrestricted access to web content, including search engines, without dependence on exit nodes.
• Very low failure rate for connections.
• Dedicated proxy pools exclusively for your use.
• A hybrid P2P network to improve scalability further.
• Immediate access to US datacenter proxies.

NetNut's residential proxies are assigned IPs linked to real residential locations, making them nearly impossible to block, making them perfect for numerous applications.

---

Proxy Routing 7

Proxy Rotation 6

Proxy Management 7

PROS

• Stable connections, high speed and performance
• Direct ISP connections, reliable
• Strong customer service

CONS

• More expensive, enterprise-focused
• Limited scalability for small users
• Some geographic coverage gaps

6.3 TOTAL SCORE

Zenrows

Go to website

• Starting Price: as low as $1 for 1 GB.
• Industries Served: No data available
• Target Market: 40% Small Businesses, 15% Mid-Market

Zenrows has been in the market for several years, making its mark with residential proxy services. Despite its long presence, the service remains relatively simple, but it's competitively priced. The network includes 7 million residential IPs, but testing showed a lower number of unique IPs than expected, leading to potential proxy repetition. For example, the US market provided only about 6,000 unique proxies. However, Zenrows excels in infrastructure. Its residential proxies outperformed competitors like NetNut and IPRoyal in some tests. With unlimited threads and proxy rotation on each request, users can expect enhanced efficiency and reliability.

---

Proxy Routing 6

Proxy Rotation 7

Proxy Management 6

PROS

• Pay-as-you-go model, user-friendly for casual users
• Good for small-scale projects
• Responsive customer support

CONS

• Limited high-demand features
• Smaller IP network, performance issues
• Limited targeting options